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Saint William of Gellone, also known as William of Aquitaine,〔("William of Aquitaine, St." ). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-17.〕 (755 – 28 May (traditional) 812 or 814) was the second Count of Toulouse from 790 until his replacement in 811. His Occitan name is Guilhem, and he is known in French as Guillaume d'Orange, Guillaume Fierabrace, and the Marquis au court nez. William was canonized a saint in 1066 by Pope Alexander II.〔 He is the hero of the ''Chanson de Guillaume'', an early ''chanson de geste'', and of several later sequels, which were categorized by thirteenth-century poets as the ''geste'' of Garin de Monglane. Another early product of oral traditions about William is a Latin ''Vita'' ("Biography"), written before the 11th century, according to Jean Mabillon, or during the 11th century according to the Bollandist Godfrey Henschen. ==William in history== William was born in northern France in the mid-8th century. He was a cousin of Charlemagne (his mother Aldana was daughter of Charles Martel) and the son of Thierry IV, Count of Autun. As a kinsman and trusted ''comes'', he spent his youth in the court of Charlemagne. In 788, Chorso, Count of Toulouse, was captured by the Basque Adalric, and made to swear an oath of allegiance to the Duke of Gascony, Lupus II. Upon his release Charlemagne replaced him with his Frankish cousin William (790). William in turn successfully subdued the Gascons. In 793, Hisham I, the successor of Abd ar-Rahman I, proclaimed a holy war against the Christians to the north. He amassed an army of 100,000 men, half of which attacked the Kingdom of Asturias while the other half invaded Languedoc, penetrating as far as Narbonne. William met this force and defeated them. He met the Muslim forces again near the river Orbieu at Villedaigne but was defeated, though his obstinate resistance exhausted the Muslim forces so much that they retreated to Spain. In 801, William commanded along with Louis King of Aquitaine a large expedition of Franks, Burgundians, Provençals, Aquitanians, Gascons (Basques) and Goths that captured Barcelona from the Moors. In 804, he founded the monastery of Gellone (now Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert) near Lodève in the diocese of Maguelonne. He granted property to Gellone and placed the monastery under the general control of Benedict of Aniane, whose monastery was nearby.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. William of Gellone )〕 Among his gifts to the abbey he founded was a piece of the True Cross, a present from his cousin Charlemagne. Charlemagne had received the relic from the Patriarch of Jerusalem according to the ''Vita'' of William. In 806, William retired to Gellone as a monk and eventually died there〔 on 28 May 812 (or 814). When he died, it was said the bells at Orange rang on their own accord. William mentioned both his family and monastery in his will:〔http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/french/g1.htm〕 His will of 28 January 804, names his living wives Gunegunde and Guitburgi, his deceased parents, Teuderico (Theodoric / Thierry IV) and Aldana van Martel (daughter of Charles Martel), two brothers, Teudoino and Adalelmo, two sisters, Abbana and Bertana, four sons, Barnardo, Guitcario, Gotcelmo, and Helmbruc, not his daughter (Rotlinde van Bobbio van Gellone), and one nephew, Bertrano.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Internet History Sourcebooks Project )〕 His wife Guitburgi is said to have been the widow of the Moorish wali of Orange taken by William in his battles against the Umayyad army of Hisham I in and around the county of Narbona about 793-796. His son Barnardo is said to have been by Guitburgi. Her name before her baptism was Orable.〔http://www.midi-france.info/060600_guilhem.html〕 It is not clear if she married William or was held in concubinage, although he calls her his wife in his will. Gellone remained under the control of the abbots of Aniane. It became a subject of contention however as the reputation of William grew. So many pilgrims were attracted to Gellone that his corpse was exhumed from the modest site in the narthex and given a more prominent place under the choir, to the intense dissatisfaction of the Abbey of Aniane. A number of forged documents and assertions were produced on each side that leave details of actual history doubtful. The Abbey was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Its late 12th century Romanesque cloister, systematically dismantled during the French revolution, found its way to The Cloisters in New York. The ''Sacramentary of Gellone'', dating to the late 8th century, is a famous manuscript. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William of Gellone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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